Plenty of people have been (too) quick to dismiss that study as not generally applicable because it was about highly experienced OSS devs rather than your average corporation programmer drone.
The issue I have with the paper is that it seems (based on my skimming) that they did not pick developers who were already versed with AI tooling. So they're comparing (experienced dev working in the way they're comfortable) vs (experienced dev working with new tool for the first time and not having passed the productivity slump from onboarding).
The thing I find interesting is that there is trillions of dollars in valuations hinging upon this question and yet the appetite to spend a little bit of money to repeat this study and then release the results publicly is apparently very low.
It reminds me of global warming where on one side of the debate there some scientists with very little money running experiments and on the other side there were some ridiculously wealthy corporations publicly poking holes in those experiments but who secretly knew they were valid since the 1960s.
Yeah, it's kind of a Bayesian probability thing, where the impressiveness of either outcome depends on what we expected to happen by default.
1. There are bajillions of dollars in incentives for a study declaring "Insane Improvements", so we should expect a bunch to finish being funded, launched, and released... Yet we don't see many.
2. There is comparatively no money (and little fame) behind a study saying "This Is Hot Air", so even a few seem significant.
Longitudinal studies are definitely needed, but of course at the time the research for this paper was done there weren't any programmers experienced with AI assist out there yet.
That's interesting context for sure, but the fact these were experienced developers makes it all the more surprising that they didn't realise the LLM slowed them down.
Measuring programming productivity in general is notoriously difficult, subjectively measuring your own programming productivity is even worse. A magic LoC machine saying brrrrrt gives an overoptimistic sense of getting things done.