[boroboro4]

In my opinion any family lives in user space, through a implicit contract of filesystems and data stored on disk?

[ChocolateGod]

Applications do not talk to the filesystem directly, they talk to the generic I/O syscalls on the kernel which handles the internal filesystem calls.

Those generic syscalls are (supposed to) don't change, the internal filesystem calls can and do change.

This is one reason why ZFS regularly breaks, on top of it can't use GPL exports.

[cesarb]

> Applications do not talk to the filesystem directly,

Sometimes, they do. For instance, BTRFS_IOC_CLONE to do a copy-on-write clone of a file's contents (now promoted to other filesystems as FICLONE, but many other ioctl operation codes are still btrfs-specific; and other filesystems have their own filesystem-specific operations).