The reason javascript won't get nearly as much ridicule as PHP is because there's no other choice with javascript. Most arguments against PHP are in the form - I'm using <super awesome language> because PHP has .... faults.
Also, the fact that very few people code pure javascript, instead choosing frameworks like jquery, goes to show how much people like it!
I second this. Javascript is a dumpster-fire of a language, as is PHP. If I could use anything other than javascript for scripting in the browser, I would, but I can't. So I use it. I can use things other than php on the server, so I do.
However, I'd say the use of libraries and frameworks help javascript programmers, for sure, but that doesn't make the language any less of a mess (and in some cases, like jQuery setting "this" to whatever the hell it wants, makes it more of a mess). I can't speak for php, because I've used it far less, but I suspect the same holds true there, too.
Javascript's maze of type coercion rules produce results which manage to be frequently wrong but in ever more bewildering ways only slightly less crackheaded than PHP. It's also saddled with Java's inexcusable "everything is an object, except for all the crap that isn't" philosophy. http://wtfjs.com/ is a growing list, but a few of my favorites:
[] != []
[] == ![]
{} + [] is 0
[] + {} is "[object Object]"
{} + {} is NaN
To be exact, {} + {} is NaN only when used as a statement. In fact it is equivalent to {}; +{} which results in the last statement being evaluated as NaN. When you put parentheses around it (e.g. ({}+{})) it evaluates to "[object Object][object Object]", which should be obvious from [] + {} if it were indeed obvious.
Yeah, the people talking about this are talking about it due to a five-minute lightning talk, and honestly it really bothers me that he is making people think that adding two objects together has that behavior when in fact it has nothing to do with objects at all: it has much more to do with automatic semi-colon insertion than with scary type conversion.
Clearly my comment has annoyed someone. I'm actually quite serious though; rather than voting me down, perhaps an answer (or even just a link!) would be more useful to the discussion at hand.
I have not read the book, but I'm told that (despite being only 176 pages) half of that book actually talks about language flaws and bad parts and only half of the book is actually about the good parts. Again, have not read it, just what I was told.
Sorry, your point about jQuery is off the mark. jQuery is a library (not a framework), and if you are not using libraries you are most likely doing it wrong, in any language!
jQuery does nothing to alter the language, so people using it are still coding pure JavaScript. jQuery itself is implemented in pure JavaScript.
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There does exist variants of JavaScript, such as Paper.js, Protovis and maybe even CoffeScript, but these are not what the majority of JavaScript users use.
I'm not so sure whether jQuery can be considered a framework or not. If you're using jQuery properly ($(document.ready).ready() and so forth) jQuery behaves very much like a framework, with inversion of control and other patterns.
JavaScript in the browser has access to the standard JavaScript and DOM libraries. I really don't think that not using any third-party libraries in any language means "you're doing it wrong". Pure JavaScript/DOM can go a very long way (especially in these days of more standard-compliant browsers), just like pure Objective-C & Cocoa or pure C# & .NET.
Finally, while obviously jQuery does not alter the language, it really changed how people approach problems in JavaScript. Code that uses jQuery looks nothing like code that doesn't use it.
jQuery is big and important and has lots of features that you can use or decide not to use. However, if you decide to implement simple animations yourself in a situation where jQuery would have been a fit, you are likely wasting time and effort.
Using jQuery for this does not mean that you like or dislike the language. That was the point I was trying to refute.
Animations is of course also not the only problem you can solve by using jQuery as a library every now and then.
The difference between library and framework is quite subtle sometimes and in this case many use it interchangeably. You are correct though, jQuery themselves call it a library.
I don't agree to "does nothing to alter the language" though. It changes the way you manipulate DOM across your codebase. When one says 'library', I assume it's something you make calls to to achieve certain functionality. Like an image library or oauth library.
Also, that jquery is implemented in javascript is not relevant in my opinion. Rails is implemented in ruby. Does that make it not-a-framework?
OK, then we have different understandings of what makes a language.
You said: "the fact that very few people code pure javascript (...) goes to show how much people like it!"
I argue that using jQuery does not change the "pure JavaScript"-ness of any code, just like using Rails does not change the "pure Ruby"-ness of any code, just like using libpng does not change the "pure C"-ness of any code. In every case, it's all in one language anyway -- therefore it is pure in that language.
This comment is not intended to be an argument either way. I am just trying to clarify exactly which point of view I have been trying to argue :)
That is not equivalent: 1/0 returns +Inf, not NaN. In JavaScript, parseInt(NaN, 19) actually returns NaN, as there are no valid digits below radix 19 in the string "NaN". PHP, in fact, has the same behavior that JavaScript does: if you do parseInt or intval on (NaN, 24) you will get 13511 (23 * 24 * 24 + 10 * 24 + 23) in either language.
Unrelated, it seems like intval(1/0, 19) in PHP also returns 0 because 1) intval returns 0 if given an empty string (JavaScript's parseInt returns NaN if given an empty string) and 2) 1/0 seems to return something hilarious... it converts to "", but gettype() on it returns "boolean"... I sadly don't know PHP well enough to understand what it is ;P.
First, Javascript isn't nearly as bad as PHP. Second, even the biggest fans of Javascript recognize its problems (the same can't be said of PHP). Third, even the biggest decractors of Javascript recognize its one overwhelming strength: It's the only language to run in the browser.
Remember that the main reason PHP has such a broad user base is that it runs with fairly comparatively little setup on every server out there. That doesn't make it good. JavaScript is the only language to run in the browser because years ago someone developed it for that purpose. We could be using Python or Ruby or Brainfuck if there were any way to convince all major browser vendors to support that directly.
I don't even see why this is such a sign of bad design. There are tons of things in JavaScript (and virtually every other language, if not all of them) that are bad design; the fact that parseInt takes a string as its first argument and that 1/0 is the string "Infinity" really doesn't seem like it should qualify.
The fact that we are looking at parseInt as a potential problem here doesn't even make sense, given that the way most developers at this point actually expect functions like parseInt to work is to stop at the first non-number, and the developer in this case specifically went out of their way to choose a radix where I is a number.
Things that could have happened instead:
1) parseInt could fail if it is passed a string that contains anything that is not a digit (this would surprise many developers: again, this is highly common behavior)
2) 1/0 could throw an exception (I would argue this isn't even useful: +Inf is a valuable result)
3) +Inf could return something other than Infinity if converted to a string (maybe the infinity symbol in unicode?)
4) +Inf could refuse to be converted to a string (this is awkward, given that any other number can be converted to a string)
5) numbers could always refuse to be automatically converted to strings (I actually agree with this, but I feel like I'm in the minority: 'a' + 4 + 'b' would therefore also hopefully be illegal; this is an argument for a separate string concatenation operator)
6) parseInt could specifically refuse to automatically convert its argument to a string (this is probably the most reasonable thing that could have been different; however, tons of languages, including ones considered to have amazing type systems like Scala, support implicit conversion and don't even offer this kind of override flexibity)
Which are you claiming is the bad design? Maybe there's something I'm missing? I mean, if this was a situation where 4 + '1a' yielded the result '5' I'd be sufficiently angry as to claim that the people who designed this language were incompetent or dangerously negligant (PHP probably does this... MySQL almost certainly does ;P j/k, btw, only semi-serious), but this behavior seems somewhat reasonable.
Python does (5) and it's pretty refreshing. I'm sure other languages with more elaborate type systems do as well, but it's nice to see in an ostensibly "scripty" language.
I think another interesting thing to note is that many languages that do make a distinction (at the type level) between integer types and floating point types (that is, ones like IEEE 754 floats with defined NaN and +/- Infinity behavior) do allow 1f / 0f [1], but raise an error on 1 / 0. Avoiding automatic type coercions (either between ints and floats or between floats and strings) would make it more clear what actually happens in that case.
I strongly disagree on #1. If I hand you something to parse in any context and it isn't valid, I expect you to tell me it wasn't valid (the one big exclusion to this is HTML in the browser).
I weakly disagree on #2. There are cases where +Inf is valuable, but I've never seen it in the browser. That doesn't mean it doesn't exist in the browser, just that I think it is an error far more than it is expected.
I think #3 would need to exist because 1 and 2 are wrong.
I totally agree with #5. That little simplification is the source of endless subtle bugs.
And #6 is an interesting one. I think it is related to #5, though. A language should first and foremost be consistent. If it automatically coerces in some conditions, it probably should in all[1].
1. Said while it is late and I haven't really thought through all the potential ramifications.
The browser is just another programming environment: people are now doing distributed computation and 3D engine development in JavaScript; if you believe that +Inf is valuable anywhere, it should be no different in the browser.
To me the argument against trying to fix #3 is that this is already a type domain error: if you are doing division on any two numbers and expecting to be able to take the result, as if it were a string, and pass that to a function called parseInt (as in, "integer"), you are already doing something fundamentally wrong.
I mean, the semantics of the code in question are just stupid: take two integers (yes, I realize JavaScript has no concept of integers vs. doubles), divide to get a rational number, pass that rational number to a function that takes a string that is supposed to represent an integer, and claim that that string is in base 19...
So, arguably, the real goal here should just be "keep the developer from doing something this stupid", as there really isn't anything more reasonable to have happened: it isn't like it should return 0 (incorrect result) or +Inf (not an integer); it could return null, or thrown an exception, but it should not work: the only question is "why should it not work".
To make it not work in a sensible way, we then need to ask ourselves "what is the underlying mistake here", and I believe that it really has nothing to do with the 1/0: if I somehow managed to accidentally pass 1/2 to parseInt with a radix of 19, I'd also want an exception. Hell, in a more-perfect universe, I'd like to get an exception even if I pass 2/2 to parseInt with a radix of 19.
I can thereby totally feel for the argument that parseInt should throw an exception (maybe return null) if the string does not represent an integer. However, I continue to find it a stretch to claim that that is bad language design... maybe bad library design, but again that is how that function works in most languages.
From a language design perspective, the problem is either 1) that this function (parseInt) made sense to have been written at all, 2) that this block of code using it was allowed to be executed in the first place, or 3) that the developer was led to believe, based on other language constructs, that this was sufficiently reasonable to be typed by a developer.
Looking at it in this light, some languages are even well-enough designed to allow a function with the semantics of parseInt to exist and yet not allow this call at compile time: the fact that we have to wait until runtime to figure out that this code is wrong is then arguably "bad language design" (although, of course, has other interesting tradeoffs that people sometimes prefer).
This notion of "choose the language feature that best disuades this entire class of error" appeal is therefore why, were we to have a time machine to change JavaScript before it got entrenched, I would go with #5 (refusing to cast from a number to a string, and preferably also adding a dedicated string concatenation operator).
The key advantage is that #5 is a language change that fundamentally removes this kind of mistake from everywhere it could occur, while not adding a static type system or otherwise screwing with the set of data types (which would drastically change the overall character and abilities of the rest of the language "JavaScript").
(As an aside: I personally believe that the notion of "string with specific semantics" is something that can and should also be considered when designing type systems, but the ramifications of building something like that are more worthy of a PhD, or at least a Master's, thesis than a tiny post on a web forum. ;P)
That was my potential complaint/fix #1: that parseInt could refuse to work if it is passed a string that contains things that aren't valid digits in whatever radix it is working in. I personally believe I agree with you, but this is actually the way these functions work in most languages. In particular, this is the behavior of the various functions in C, such as atoi and strtol. While this isn't then "best of breed" behavior, I don't think it is unreasonable behavior. (Python's int() does not do this, for what it is worth: it gets angry and throws an exception if you pass it something that isn't entirely a number.)
Do people really use the "11 days" thing in defense of javascript? I get that it was rushed into production, and all things considered, that was probably the appropriate thing to do given its intended use at the time. But it doesn't matter. I think we have to realize we've collectively failed by not developing an alternative to this tool that clearly wasn't designed for the things modern web applications want/need.
What does this example have to do with language design? Eval, for instance, introducing lexical bindings is bad language design. This is mereley an API with a poor contract.
Isn't this a problem with any weakly typed language though? This same problem comes up in Perl and php. When you do type coercion, weird edge cases come up.
That's actually a widely accepted definition of "weak types": automatic type coercion. That said, "weakly typed" is not a well-defined term and I prefer not to use it.
Note that it is not the same as dynamic types. A dynamic type system is a well-defined concept and says nothing about type coercion.
The only reason something like this makes it to the front page, is because of the popularity of things like node.js right now. This is a bug, not a feature.
Javascript allows numbers to be a number, NaN or positive/negative infinity. It is well specified within the spec that "Division of a nonzero finite value by a zero results in a signed infinity. The sign is determined by the rule already stated above." [1]
Before you get your knickers in a twist, this is compliant with IEEE 754; although the IEEE define it as an exception.
1. ECMA-262, pg 74, "11.5.2 Applying the / Operator"
I understand that this is part of the spec. But that is a bug to allow division by zero to return a string, and then allow a string to have it's first letter indexed by a math function as a representation of a non base 10 number, is a bug! Just because it is part of the spec doesn't make it a sane addition to the language.
Division by zero doesn't return a string. It returns a well defined value that is within the domain of the data type, which is positive infinity. parseInt does what it is specified to do - it takes the numerical value (positive infinity) and converts it to a string, then searches the string for the first character that it recognises as a contiguous number ("I", which is 18 in base 19). If it finds one, then it returns the value as an integer, if not then it returns NaN.
So not a bug, though I agree the string search is particularly silly. It can't be a bug if it does what the specified algorithm says it does. It would be a bug if it gave a different result.
Also, the fact that very few people code pure javascript, instead choosing frameworks like jquery, goes to show how much people like it!