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by jlmorton 791 days ago
It's worth noting that when George Sowers and ULA did their well-known business case analysis for re-use (nearly 10 years ago, in 2015), their analysis concluded that it would take 10 flights to pay-off the penalty of re-use.

The analysis was flawed from the start, because it falsely assumed you could charge for every kg of capacity, but in reality customers are largely paying by flight, and much of the Falcon 9 capacity is unused.

But even according to their flawed analysis, they assumed there would never be a need for so many flights, and re-use would just eat into their production line productivity, raising the cost of each rocket.

These false assumptions caused them not to pursue any real type of reusabilty. Though they proposed a janky system where the engines would be recovered by parachute and helicopter, they never funded it, and the current Vulcan doesn't support any type of reuse.

Flash forward to today, and ULA has a contract for possibly 83 launches from Amazon for Kuiper.

What a terrible lack of foresight.

4 comments

It seems the problem in the ULA analysis is that it assumes that the cost of the reusable parts, saved by reuse, is only 30% of the total launch cost.

But Falcon 9 seems to cost $40-60 million and carries 200 tons of RP-1 which seems to cost $200-500k, and all other costs should either be small or removable by automation, so the reusable part is actually up to 98-99%, not 30%.

Of course if you just flush boatloads of money down the drain for each launch for no reason, reusing the booster doesn't change much.

Also in general that sort of mathematical modelling is usually worse than useless since the output is usually a straightforward function of the assumptions and the model just makes bullshit assumptions seem more legitimate.

> the reusable part is actually up to 98-99%

Reminder: they still throw away the second stage, but they do retrieve some of the fairings. It's high, but not that high.

Exactly—getting it that high is one of the primary objectives of the Starship initiative.
>But even according to their flawed analysis, they assumed there would never be a need for so many flights

This is an example of Musk's tech background in action. He knew from his career that if you sell something useful for a very low price, uses for it appear that hadn't existed before. SpaceX's hardware development method of blowing rockets up until one works is basically a edit-compile-run debug cycle.

>and re-use would just eat into their production line productivity, raising the cost of each rocket.

Arianespace specifically and infamously said that reusability would be bad because it would leave rocket assembly crews with nothing to do. I wouldn't be surprised if ULA had the same issue in mind, but at least no one there was dumb enough to publicly say so.

> ULA has a contract for possibly 83 launches from Amazon for Kuiper.

To put that into perspective, a single SpaceX booster could cover 25% of those launches!

SpaceX’s propulsive recovery testing began over ten years ago, meaning a development campaign starting today would be ten years behind SpaceX if they can progress at the same speed. It seems crazy to me that essentially no one is even trying to follow the path demonstrated by SpaceX.
It's true that Relativity Space Terran-R, Rocket Lab Neutron, and Blue Origin New Glenn are under development and are planning first stage re-use although none have flown. And also Stoke Space is developing a 2nd stage re-use solution which SpaceX hasn't solved yet. I think another American company could have a Falcon 9 competitor within 5 years if they really move fast. But they haven't yet reached the stage that SpaceX reached 10 years ago.