There's no reason you can't have a build system that does the same thing in a different language. They are not "explicitly" a feature of javascript at all.
They literally are. CSS modules as a concept and any existing specs are very explicitly Javascript only and target Javascript only.
Yes, you could do a similar thing in other languages, and people will, but simply by definition those are not CSS Modules, and might diverge from the actual "standard" (which it isn't yet)
Yes, you could do a similar thing in other languages, and people will, but simply by definition those are not CSS Modules, and might diverge from the actual "standard" (which it isn't yet)