[troupo]

They literally are. CSS modules as a concept and any existing specs are very explicitly Javascript only and target Javascript only.

Yes, you could do a similar thing in other languages, and people will, but simply by definition those are not CSS Modules, and might diverge from the actual "standard" (which it isn't yet)

[boredtofears]

CSS Module Scripts are not the same as the third party CSS Modules library that most people are referencing when discussing CSS Modules.