I’d read some research about this a couple years ago and didn’t remember seeing anything about effects on the cardiovascular system but that does seem like a possibility
L-Argenine is huge for me in competitive cycling. Among many effects, it allows more oxygen to get to my muscles, which can double my range and substantially increase my speed.
Out of all of these, creatine is the closest thing to what OP was describing, but even then it doesn't affect lean mass, it just draws water into muscles and increased endurance.
I’d read some research about this a couple years ago and didn’t remember seeing anything about effects on the cardiovascular system but that does seem like a possibility