[nunuvit]

The current limiter is analog and dissipates a lot of heat compared to digital and also uses more passive devices, so it must be bigger.

Digital CMOS is triggered to switch between fully on and fully off. You can't really hold it in between. If you do, you get undefined behavior.

The ringing can have an initial spike that fries stuff.

CMOS can break down and the current will flow through a different path away from the gate where the gate can't turn it off. Called latch-up.

It is in the chip. The protection circuit can add a lot of parasitic elements to the pin interface that you have to account for when you design the board.

[Dylan16807]

> The current limiter is analog and dissipates a lot of heat compared to digital and also uses more passive devices, so it must be bigger.

Controlling the voltage put into the output transistor shouldn't use much power or output much heat, should it? The output transistor will heat up based on voltage loss, but it needs to be able to handle a notable amount of that even when it's not shorted.

> Digital CMOS is triggered to switch between fully on and fully off. You can't really hold it in between. If you do, you get undefined behavior.

The pins are already tri-state. The logic to output +V, or output 0V, or neither already exists. So it won't fight itself.

> The ringing can have an initial spike that fries stuff.

How can you make a transistor's output spike higher than it does with the existing digital drive method?

[nunuvit]

Turning off the transistor is only the last step and the previous steps like detection take up space. Digital CMOS is bi-state and the pin is tri-state, therefore you can conclude that there are additional components involved to achieve the third state. Spiking can be caused by suddenly shutting off current through a parasitic inductance because it sort of has inertia and can't stop immediately.

[Dylan16807]

> the previous steps like detection take up space

Yes but I'm missing why they would need significant amounts of space or power compared to the big transistor that's actually dealing with the current.

> Digital CMOS is bi-state and the pin is tri-state, therefore you can conclude that there are additional components involved to achieve the third state.

Yeah, so less to add and less to worry about compensating for because it's already handled.

> Spiking can be caused by suddenly shutting off current through a parasitic inductance because it sort of has inertia and can't stop immediately.

It already abruptly turns on and off. How does an extra trigger condition make that worse?

Or in other words, how are we not already in the worst case, with nowhere to go but up? (Since if we're just controlling the transistor better we won't be adding any more inductance than the pin already has.)

[nunuvit]

It depends on the design, but think of it this way. Digital if the smallest you can go. The protection circuit is not strictly digital, therefore it is bigger.

It's not already handled because you still need a circuit that detects the condition and switches to tri-state, if that's even how it's implemented.

Ringing and spikes come from electrical mismatch. If the protection changes the electrical properties of the pin, it may have to do more work to damp out the new mismatch. "Abrupt" isn't a single thing with a universal solution.

We're not just controlling transistors, but also sensing, shunting, clamping, damping, etc. And we're starting from the best case so we have nowhere to go but down.

You'll have to look up the rest yourself.

[Dylan16807]

I know it's "bigger". But the protection circuit should be working on a thousandth the power as the output transistor, and the chip has a zillion logic transistors already, so I'm saying the chip should be negligibly bigger.

It should always be tri state. Never allow the positive and negative output transistors to get power at the same time. If that particular detail wasn't already implemented, it'll take like two logic gates more. Which is absolutely nothing compared to the rest of the chip.

And again, don't change the electrical properties! Tap like a microamp for monitoring, on a pin that outputs milliamps.

It doesn't matter that there is no universal solution to "abrupt" because we already have an acceptable setup and it's not changing.

Sensing can be done with no real impact on output characteristics. Additional shunting and clamping is not necessary. If the damping only happens by controlling the output transitor, then it's no different from how the circuit already works.

And no we're not starting in the best case. We're starting with a transistor where the design goal was to have as fast a slew as feasible. If it already doesn't overshoot dangerously, then using the same or slower slew shouldn't be hard to avoid overshoot, all else equal.

Most of your objections come down to "if you change X you might cause problems" when I'm saying not to change X.

[nunuvit]

You're describing magic and contradicting yourself. Tri-state means everything is off, so one transistor can't also be on at the same time. Damping dissipates heat, so damping by controlling the output transistor requires a bigger output transistor.

Down below the digital level, you can't isolate decisions from each other and nothing is free.