Weight is transferred to the front on heavy braking, and if you have proper technique, you will not go over the bars. The front tire does all of the actual stopping.
The rear brake is very important for initial braking, in order to transfer weight to the front, which allows harder braking without locking up the front tire.
When you initially hit the brakes, your braking potential is split around 50:50. At absolute maximum potential braking force, your rear tire is near lifting, so it's around 100:0.
That said, if you only have one brake, it's better to have it on the front than the rear.
I have to replace the shoes on my rear brakes about 10 times more often than my front brakes.
That just means that you brake with your rear the most. I'm talking about maximizing braking potential.
I've been riding motorcycles for decades and it's drilled into you to practice panic stops regularly, which habituates the transition from 50:50 braking to 90+% front brake. I don't think many cyclists do this exercise, but they'd probably benefit from it.
Cool, I've done thousands in a month. Do thousands every year.
But if your bike doesn't have two brakes as you have stated, it doesn't matter how many KMs you ride, because you are not getting that experience to inform you.
I’ll back him up - I do thousands of kilometres a month and log component changes when they happen!
My rear brake pads last about 5000km before they need a change, my front brake pads last about 3500km.
It would appear by observation of the consumables that the front brakes do the most work. This is in-line with my expectations from the experience riding the bike and established knowledge about how weight transfer works in vehicle braking - there is a reason cars always have bigger discs on the front and some cheap hatches still have drums on the rear.
When you initially hit the brakes, your braking potential is split around 50:50. At absolute maximum potential braking force, your rear tire is near lifting, so it's around 100:0.
That said, if you only have one brake, it's better to have it on the front than the rear.