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by amiga386 1212 days ago
That didn't stop people creating hard-to-crack copy-protected software.

Since disk drives existed, games makers created floppy disks that industrial disk duplicators that standard computers could read, but couldn't write, and ensured their games had code to check for that. It generally wasn't feasible to replicate these special tracks with a normal floppy drive, so instead people had to reverse engineer the game and remove the copy protection checks.

This could be easy or hard, depending on how devious the programmers were. One of the legendary games for this was Dungeon Master on the Amiga or Atari ST which took crackers about a year to find _all_ the copy protection checks [0]

This wasn't the only form of copy protection.

* Games since their earliest day had things like "enter word 7 on page 5 of the manual". Some games had a red-on-red "copy protection sheet", designed so that it would be very difficult to replicate with a standard black-and-white photocopier. Monkey Island came with a two-piece "Dial-a-pirate" code wheel [1]

* To thwart third party software developers, and to distort fair trade and give themselves lucrative pricing monopolies, the Nintendo NES had a "lockout chip", the 10NES [2]

* Sony Playstation games had a "wobble" built into the groove of their pressed discs that normal CD-Rs didn't have, and the frequency of the wobble indicated which region the game was sold to, preventing free and fair international trade by foul means [3]

* Products like AutoCAD came with a dongle, [4] it connected to the parallel port because USB hadn't been invented.

But yes, for software like Windows, where the entire product has to be installed on a hard drive, it wasn't within customer expectations to have to permanently attach a dongle or have media in a drive, and there wasn't commonplace network access with which to "phone home", the serial key or CD key was used to limit distribution. As you say, Microsoft enforced this mainly with licence audits - the BSA not only offered a reward for employees to rat out their companies [5] but they also generally acted as a front for Microsoft; Microsoft would drop their lawsuit for your minor infringement of some of their software, if you agreed to stop using Microsoft's competitors' software and convert your business to becoming a Microsoft-only shop.

Microsoft also got paid by doing deals with OEMs. If you bought a PC in the 1990s, you likely paid a "Windows tax", where every PC sold, even ones which will only run Linux, gave a portion of the sales price to Microsoft. They illegally used their exclusive agreements with OEMs to prevent BeOS entering the PC operating system market. Microsoft was found guilty of using illegal anticompetitive tactics to crush their rivals in the x86 operating system market. [7]

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VheNpiSZxf0&t=489s

[1] https://oldgames.sk/codewheel/secret-of-monkey-island-dial-a...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIC_(Nintendo)#10NES

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(console)#Copy_pro...

[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_protection_dongle

[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_Alliance

[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundling_of_Microsoft_Windows#...

[7] https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/...

3 comments

I remember a text adventure game on Amstrad CPC ("Le passager du temps" in french, roughly translating as "Time passenger") which I had a pirated copy.

You could play the adventure until you found the time travel machine (could take 1 to 3 hours depending).

You start the machine and then it went on infinite loop text : "tired of piracy tired of piracy tired of piracy..." !

Highly frustrating, but you couldn't help to admire the developper.

If I remember correctly, it was something about the way that a floppy track was formated, with the wrong number of sectors, which was readable by the disk drive, but it couldn't write it using normal copy mode.

Could also be something like that:

https://scarybeastsecurity.blogspot.com/2020/12/the-cleveres...

I remember reading some article I can't find again about a very unusual floppy protection that involved nonstandard floppy format, something like non standard sector sizes that could be read by the hardware but not written, and the protected software implemented some direct access to the floppy hardware to read data.

Settlers III did something like that too.

If you were running a pirate version (or a poorly cracked one), the game would run just fine but at some point, it would only produce pigs instead of another resource (can’t remember which) and you were basically stuck because you couldn’t get the more advanced buildings etc without that resource.

Original SimCity would let you play off you failed the copy protection, but would Chuck disasters at you left and right.

Downright sadistic tbh.

I'm pretty sure I remember a pirated version of Metal Gear solid on the original play station where the fact you where using a pirated version came up in the gameplay at some point.
While I have no recollection of this pirated version, it sounds like something Psychomantis would say.
I looked it up, at a point towards the end of the game you had to find a communication frequency on the back of the disc package. If you had a pirate copy this was obviously difficult (it was before this information was as freely available on the internet).
Yeah elite on pc had such a copy protection mechanism.

But they picked any word in the book, even simple ones like "the". So just entering that 20x or so would get you in.