That only applies to the card networks not merchants or processors, but there is also a dual rate system that the EU are obsessed with where intra EU is much cheaper, they mandated the same for voice calls too, it's very dumb and just insulates the EU further (which is their plan it seems)
It doesn't apply to the card scheme, it applies to interchange, i.e. the part that goes back to the card issuer.
I don't see how that is dumb, the EU cannot do anything about issuers outside of it, and PSPs have to reflect the huge difference in interchange fees one way or another.
Correct, merchants do not charge interchange, banks/networks do, and its dumb because it increases the costs of doing business in the EU (which as I said, makes it more insular)
Fees are not the only cost of business, compliance is too - and things like if you want to enjoy lower intra-EU costs then you need to be in the EU which is an added cost as a non-EU business, etc - it's not as simple as "fees more eu bad"
That is the case. Stripe will be charging the American businesses with American customers 2.9% + 30¢, and their European businesses with European customers 1.5% + 25¢.