> * But 2,000 years ago the Europeans were were not "civilised" in the sense that we think of.*
That really depends on what's your definition of "Europeans" and "civilized". The Catholic church exists for around 2 thousand years,is still alive and well, has its capital in Italy, and has defined western society for centuries.
The Romans built roads, aqueducts, houses with central heating and massive great walls across the landscape.
They might have been violent but it’s hard to claim they weren’t a civilisation.