I guess it's more about priorities, if you want to build a web app don't reinvent the underlying protocols. If you want to build an embedded system for monitoring room temperature don't invent your own locks.
But if you want to make a lock by all means make a lock, just don't go and reinvent the chip architecture...
People who take on task of writing such library, and develop it to the point it's a language-wide standard, usually know what they're doing (or learn on the job :)
Popularity of such library helps test it thoroughly on many platforms in various conditions, so there's a high chance the bugs will be spotted and fixed.
It's more like "if you don't need to, don't invent your own [x]." People who like to invent [x] are usually smart enough to understand why that warning is there to begin with, and don't tend to argue with it.
not going to argue about core crypto primitives - i have no idea what it takes to be able to contribute meaningfully there.
but I have no formal education. and when I started there were no gatekeepers. I mean there were, the MIT grads got to work on much cooler stuff than everyone else.
since then I've collaborated on chip designs and written a metric shitton of low level software - including microcode and alot of parallel synchronization primitives. and when I work with new grads (incl phds), I don't expect them to know any of that really - and we teach them. some of them get it and some of them don't.
not only do I find your emphasis on the 'proper training' misguided - I think its counter productive. unless you're working with a very rare professor, they aren't going to really have a very adequate notion of what new designs are like at all. most of them have had only the most casual experience with industry. your utility to me as a future systems programmer has alot more to do with your general level of talent and your interest in the topic than whether or not someone made you do dining philosophers.
But if you want to make a lock by all means make a lock, just don't go and reinvent the chip architecture...