[alias_neo]

Some of it is misguided, some of it is legacy, other parts _do_ make sense to the people involved.

Mandatory password changes for example have not been recommended[0] by NCSC in the UK since ~2018. Continuing to do so is either legacy or misguided.

As for "MitM" it's usually due to regulatory requirements to protect and inspect at boundaries to and from an organisations network.

FIPS and OpenSSL is an interesting subject. Many organisations rely on it, yet relatively few contribute financially. When 1.1.X and subsequent versions came along and had no FIPS 140-2, orgs were forced to wait it out until someone else pays to get it accredited or pony up and help the process along. I haven't looked lately at how much has been contributed to the effort but I suspect it's still pretty low considering how much of the world relies on OpenSSL.

[0]https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/passwords/updating-your-a...

[slownews45]

Mandatory 90 day password changes are still required by the IRS in the US at least.

High complexity / weird rules too - and not one password across systems as they have endless DIFERRENT login systems.

So your tax software itself will require 90 day resets for all staff using that, every interface to IRS requiring it (which means every login for little used systems). It's bonkers. My worry - how do they even correlate / track login risk given all these different systems. Google (which has never required a password rotation) seems to be able to really figure out when risk is higher (new device from a new location) and lower (same device from 5 minutes ago). That makes turning on 2 factor with a hardware device MUCH easier - because it doesn't annoy you unnecessarily.

[jeroenhd]

90 days is such a silly time frame. It won't defend against passwords like Spring2018! (11 characters, capital letter, special character, yyet ccompletely predictable) and people will only pick easier passwords when they're forced to pick new ones.

Even Microsoft has stopped recommending regular password changes. I think password changes can certainly be necessary, for example when problems are found during an audit or when there are indications of abuse, but these old rules are making everyone's lives so much harder than they need to be. I hope the IRS will reconsider soon.

Google's method is quite advanced (different tiers of trust for different kinds of services). It makes total sense that you can search the web using an old session, but need to redo the whole 2FA flow if you want to change your password or recovery options. Unfortunately, working such a system out can be quite a challenge because it's hard to get the API segregated into the right trust levels without massively complicating the code flow.

[benlivengood]

There are two risk classes; reused passwords exposed by a breach, and targeted attacks (phishing, dictionary/brute-force attacks, etc). The first is easiest to detect by finding password dumps and by observing login attempts. Targeted attacks are best prevented by 2FA. There never was any middle ground where password rotation improved security. For any high security systems worried about insider risk or espionage they should have been using multi-factor authentication all along.

[slownews45]

My own view - reused passwords come from leaks - should be a penalty of $100 per leaked password - come on, salt and hash them! This would at least put some pressure on that side. Class actions allowed. This would push more towards oauth etc.

Then for targeted attacks, allow non-sms two factor with multiple keys and recovery codes. I'm non SMS two factor on google with recovery codes in a drawer. Have never changed my password and actually have it memorized (and I only use it for google). Same password for 15+ years or so now. Feel totally secure. Google authenticator on phone is pretty good because people really keep track of their phone (more so than yubico keys). I have a yubico on keychain which works 90% (a bit awkward in some cases).

[benlivengood]

Reused passwords are also really common and so cracking new dumps of salted and hashed passwords will yield a pretty high success rate.

At this point I just assume that any password that's been leaked (hashed or not) is in plaintext in some database. Obviously 20-character random passwords aren't going to get reversed but there's no guarantee that they were always hashed and weren't leaked from the login process itself, etc.

[alias_neo]

Ouch that sounds painful. If I'm not mistaken, all/most Americans have to interact with the IRS regularly? So this is an issue for many of you? By that I mean as a Brit who is salaried (PAYE) and doesn't own a business I have never had to interact directly with HMRC so even if it was as bad (it's not) it would be an infrequent experience.

[slownews45]

This primarily affects professionals dealing with the IRS.

Individuals have been migrated a few times and a few different logins.

IRS had a "get transcript" service. It had things like super secure passwords and password rotations, but password reset and setup could be done with social security + some real basic info from credit reports (ie, where did you live etc) and didn't not timeout.

So think - 100's of thousands of fake accounts for the hackers, and pain for the real users.

That's pretty common in the US for govt systems - the password reset process is often ridiculously easy because some systems have so many reset requests you can't function with anything careful.

Imagine folks in govt - 10 systems, 90 day password rollover and there was a move for a while to 12 character passwords with no reuse and upper / lower / special / numbers (but special characters are limited so password generators often error out). It got so bad there was one reset process that was outsourced to a third party AND all you had to provide was the username which was derived from the users full name. They then gave you a new password over the phone. It was honestly easier to reset then even fight the system. You have a new intern whose forgotten their password, IT just calls reset help desk for a new one.

The security problems in all this are

1) reset process so weak

2) everyone - and I mean everyone, writes these passwords down in a text file on computer

3) because new account setup can be ridiculously long - a fair bit of password sharing, so these passwords tend to end up all over the place (training documents etc etc) which then of course end up online somewhere.

I could go on.