[eitland]

Not completely similar but here in Norway we have a number of telephone companies but we still have a working mobile money solution (Vipps) since the banks actually managed to cooperate to create an (mostly) buttery smooth experience that doesn't seem to care a bit (as seen by the customer) about what phone, what plan, what provider or what bank you have.

Edit: IIRC - anyone who remembers exactly should feel free to update - it was a startup that created the first version, then I think it was bought by one of the major banks but now it seems to work completely decoupled.

[varjag]

Vipps was developed by DNB (the bank) from the start, and outcompeted all other banks' offerings. It didn't have much to do with telecoms at all.

[krisvage]

While Vipps works well today, compared to MPESA it was developed when the market had already matured and you could rely on every user owning a smartphone. Telenor and DNB actually tried to release something similar to MPESA years before, but since the application had to be installed on the SIM card you had to be both a DNB and Telenor customer [1].

Vipps is not decoupled today, but has been merged with the e-identity (BankID) and e-invoicing (eFaktura) to form a monopoly behemoth owned by most banks in Norway with DNB as the largest non-majority owner.

[1] Source in Norwegian: https://www.digi.no/artikler/telenor-og-dnb-gir-opp-valyou/3...