| > Glucose is a ubiquitous fuel in biology. It is used as an energy source in most > organisms, from bacteria to humans, through either aerobic respiration, > anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. Glucose is the human body's key source > of energy, through aerobic respiration, providing about 3.75 kilocalories (16 > kilojoules) of food energy per gram. Breakdown of carbohydrates (e.g. starch) > yields mono- and disaccharides, most of which is glucose. Through glycolysis and > later in the reactions of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, > glucose is oxidized to eventually form CO2 and water, yielding energy mostly in > the form of ATP. The insulin reaction, and other mechanisms, regulate the > concentration of glucose in the blood. |