[_delirium]

Language is also something to look into, and varies quite a lot across Europe (both the languages, and how common multilingualism is). You can get hired in tech with only English fluency in many countries, but how easily varies, and how easily you can carry on daily life varies even more. For example you can get many jobs in both Copenhagen and Berlin speaking only English, but in Copenhagen you can also do almost everything else in English (government agencies all speak English, most forms are bilingual Danish/English, banks and doctors' offices all do English, etc.), whereas in Germany the civil service, and even things like doctors, generally expect you to interact with them in German. Not that you shouldn't also learn some Danish in Denmark, but how critical it is to quickly become fluent in the national language(s) varies a lot between countries.

[djsumdog]

I lived with a friend in Germany for several months and there were several things that did require German. Anything related to her visa and immigration (which you had to book appointments for a week in advance) require you fill out paperwork and speak in German. It was the same for her taxes.

Her German was good, but one thing that stressed her out was dealing with banks/money. She didn't want to screw up, but her banks would refuse to let her communicate in English on phone calls (this might be a rule/liability thing).

A lot of people do speak English, especially younger people as it's generally taught in primary school, but I also met many young adults, even in large cities like Munich, who didn't.

[antjanus]

I'm from Czech and pretty much everyone under 30 speaks fluent English. Old elementary school friends could hold a normal discussion without skipping a beat.

But boy, the second I went into the old part of my childhood town and wanted to get some food from the bakery, not a single person could understand English (which is fine because I speak fluent Czech).

I had a situation about a decade and a half ago when a french person stopped by a gas station and the clerk could not, for the life of him, communicate with the french guy but within ten minutes, a bunch of teenagers were able to translate.

So it's not just official stuff (which makes sense) but also an age and location thing like you said. If you break down on the high way, stop at an old town, or try to deal with an establishment is generally run by someone over the age of 40, you can find yourself in an uncomfortable situation.

However, I'm kind of surprised at the bank thing.

[DasIch]

In bank or medical situations you can run into situations where even though the people all know English, they might not have the necessary vocabulary to express themselves in English or lack certification proving they do. Anyone who doesn't want to fuck up simply won't use English and require a translator.

[_delirium]

I think this is something different in Denmark mainly because, since it's such a small country, a Danish person in these sectors needs to be comfortable with the relevant technical English vocabulary anyway, even when not interacting with foreigners. Many materials are not translated into Danish, especially when you get past the introductory textbook level, so there's an expectation that if you're in a high-skill, university-qualified profession, you can read/write and speak professional English. ("Professional" here meaning that you have a working English knowledge of your own profession, not necessarily that you can talk about all subjects in English.)