[PhantomGremlin]

There's no need for a source. It's common knowledge. Many books, websites, and research papers have extensively studied those games.

Edward Thorp is a mathematician who did a lot of analysis about blackjack over 50 years ago.[1] He's a seminal figure in this field.

Here's one site I recall mostly because it has a memorable name: http://wizardofodds.com/

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_the_Dealer#History

[ChristianBundy]

> There's no need for a source. It's common knowledge. Many books, websites, and research papers have extensively studied those games.

It's obviously not common knowledge to the person that's asking the question. :~) Thanks for the source though.

[mod]

That one person doesn't know it doesn't mean it's not common knowledge.

That said, the edge is not always below 1%. It varies based on the rules. Some games don't allow a surrender, for instance, which changes the edge pretty drastically.