[curiousjorge]

what you described is prevalent in social sciences. Ton of biases and causation/correlation error and putting blind trust in some arcane statistical analysis without knowing what they really mean. Conclusion: statistically significant is the magic word peppered throughout academic literature.

[achompas]

Agreed. Fortunately, excellent social scientists really care about this -- see Andy Gelman's blog for many rants on this topic.

[Balgair]

I'll echo for biology and sports sciences (think moneyball).

http://www.wired.com/2009/09/fmrisalmon/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182327/