[simonh]

Are there regions of the universe that have never been causally connected? They all originated in the same event, so I'd be surprised if that's true, but I'm no expert. I know cosmic inflation during the big bang was superluminal, but I have to concede I'm not completely familiar with the consequences of that, so good point.

[JadeNB]

Indeed, the fact that they are moving apart at superluminal speeds is exactly why they have never been causally connected. The fact that such non-causally connected islands still "look the same" is called the horizon problem (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon_problem), and it is one of the issues that Guth's inflation might solve (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)#Horizon_...).