[jyzzmoe]

Humans are able to recognize these as optical illusions. (otherwise we wouldn't be calling them "illusions") Further, none of the optical illusions shown are so wildly "off" and "crazy" as the algorithmic goofs demonstrated in the paper referenced above.

[DavidSJ]

They're obviously crazy to us. Our illusions might look obviously crazy to them.

And generally humans don't natively know when they're experiencing an optical illusion. They have to be taught it. And in either case, it's not the human vision system that learns the lesson, it's some other part of the brain that learns to discount the vision system's conclusions.