[trcollinson]

That is an exceptionally broad topic. NoSQL is a pretty large category of database that is pretty much anything that is not "SQL". These include just about everything from document stores, object stores, caches, and columnar stores. So, it depends on what have in data.

Most people talk about Mongo when it comes to NoSQL. Mongo is a very nice, high availability, document store. It has eventual consistency and can be horizontally scaled in a number of ways. I won't go into all of the uses but one I can think of is in an environment with very very high read with extremely low writes where you need low latency on reads and a document based data structure.

To answer this thoroughly would require quite a bit of time to build a curriculum around the various types of NoSQL stores, what their strengths and weaknesses are, and how to know whether your data fits. In other words, it's a big topic.