Macro expansion can lead to programs that don't typecheck, unless a very restrictive typing system is used (e.g. MetaML, MetaOcaml). I don't think Rust has such restrictions, therefore I assume that type-checking happens after macro expansion.
It does, but what I was getting at was that full compilation doesn't need to occur first. Macro expansion is one of the very first phases of compilation (and doesn't have access to typechecking information, incidentally).
Not in Rust 1.0. In the nightlies there are syntax extensions available that give you more power, but those are likely to see significant revisions before they're available in a stable version since they're a major backwards compatibility hazard.