Yes, rkt App Container runtime is based on cgroups and namespaces. Same as runtimes of Docker, lmctfy, systemd-nspawn, lxc or (almost) any other container technology for Linux.
The big difference is on specification of images. rkt introduced the App Container specification for its images: https://github.com/appc/spec/blob/master/SPEC.md#image-archi...
I believe there's even at least one production deployment of Docker on a different stack of underlying container technology, the one Joyent runs on top of SmartOS (which uses Solaris/Illumos zones as the container tech).