I'm no MSFT fanboy, but this is a big deal. Within 10 years, if not 5, we'll plug all of our phones into keyboards and monitors; and only the odd geek nerd will have a desktop or proper laptop.
I see efforts like this getting part-way there, but the actual uptake being in ubiquitous profiles — signing onto any phone with your (iCloud|Google|Windows) credentials and having all your apps and data "just there", signing onto any desktop and having all your desktop settings and apps "just there", and apps which share data between phone and desktop have this data available to both (as it does now).
The concept of local data will diminish against the cloud, and the market won't have to deal with inflated prices on phones just so they can power desktop screens and TVs. Hook a ChromeBit up to your TV instead, buy a regular laptop or desktop PC as you require it, and let anyone move between them as they like.
Latency and bandwidth means we're far from a situation where this is viable. Even locally in my house, wifi speeds are a painful limiting factor for some things.
It's also increasingly irrelevant if I carry a powerful computer with me anywhere to have it instantly available anyway. The only thing stopping your phone from having terabytes of storage today is that it's currently expensive, and not much demand for it vs. the slight extra space it would take (512GB SD cards are a thing, but apart from size - though micro-SD versions are bound to follow soon - the cost makes them prohibitive for the next year or two).
We're very rapidly approaching the point where - while there may be value in having everything synced to the cloud for backup and universal accessibility - you'll be able to store all your data on media smaller than your thumbnail. Storage density appears to grow far faster than peoples storage needs at the moment.
Well just look at how quickly we fill up phones with lowest-tiered storage (although this is artificially contained). There is also a technical hurdle of building apps in a way that they can be "lazy loaded" — my phone's 4G is the fastest internet I have access to (in Melbourne, Aus) so it's not inconceivable that the "core" 10MB of Facebook.app would be ready in seconds, with the "full" 77MB installation ready in under a minute.
Personally, my phone is full of photos. Cloud syncing allows for recent photos to be on-device and instant, while there's more than could ever fit on my phone stored just seconds away. Once Photos.app and Facebook.app are on-device, I could sign in with my cloud credentials and they automatically log me in and all my content is "just there" (this is true today). When we can log into any device, display "my" home screen with not-locally-installed YikYak.app (46MB) and run it on-demand we'll see true portability of profiles and portability of devices will begin to take a back seat.
I'm excited about this, too, but I'm not going to hold my breath. I can't connect a bluetooth keyboard to my Lumia 920, or treat it as a USB mass storage device, or mount a thumb drive in its USB port, etc. Why should I believe they'll let me connect "future devices" to an external display? When I install Windows 10 on my phone, will I be able to remote desktop to it? Probably not.
I wish I knew enough about Android USB to write a USB gadget driver that emulated FAT and Mass Storage - no reason it couldn't read/write sanely back to the host FS. Sure it wouldn't be as quick as native but it'd be enough to play MP3s on car stereos and the like.
They specifically called out the use of bluetooth keyboards and mice in the phone during their presentation, so that's a given. Since you're essentially running the full windows now, I don't see why remote desktop wouldn't work with the metro version currently present in their store either.
Not for the upcoming 4K video — and probably not even for today's Full HD.
A large screen is still a nice place to attach your phone to, instead of a dedicated docking station. At least it can provide a lot of electric power. Also, it's a reasonable place to put your phone's camera so that it's looking at you.
If the future is wireless then it will be full of interference.
We have a tech event here in Brazil that attracts about 8k people. Its impossible to use wifi reliably during the event and sometimes even bluetooth suffers.
The concept of local data will diminish against the cloud, and the market won't have to deal with inflated prices on phones just so they can power desktop screens and TVs. Hook a ChromeBit up to your TV instead, buy a regular laptop or desktop PC as you require it, and let anyone move between them as they like.