> The critical question is not whether the dog sniff occurs before or after the officer issues a ticket, but whether conducting the sniff adds time to the stop. [p. 3]
While the K-9 may not be possible for most departments, I know a few departments in Virginia started requiring all units to have a minimum of two officers because gas prices were too high to send a second car every time they needed a second officer on the scene. Of course, the San Diego County Sheriff's Department can't seem to shut off the engine, park legally, or fit more than one officer in an SUV.