A lot of apps auto-detect your phone number. Not sure if there is a way of sending the Google Voice number to the apps or having your phone think that is your number (normally the network defines it).
On Android you can set up the phone to send the GV number as your caller-ID. So when calling Lyft they should see your GV number, which will never get associated with anyone else.
EDIT: As Someone1234 points out, however, caller-ID might be irrelevant, and having GV might not help. Another reason to be very selective about what apps you install.
Right, but most apps don't "call up" anything. They just gather your phone number using the OS's APIs and then send it via HTTPS/JSON. Caller ID would play no part in that process.
EDIT: As Someone1234 points out, however, caller-ID might be irrelevant, and having GV might not help. Another reason to be very selective about what apps you install.