[armenb]

The process isolation is very useful but they've got a point, why we should run million lines of code until we get to the point to run a single web server? Have we ever asked our self why the operating system which its only responsibility is running a web-server should take 300 seconds to boot?

[jacquesm]

Boot time is rarely an issue when working with long running daemons such as web servers.

We run the millions of lines of code because web servers typically serve up web applications which in turn depend on a whole host of infrastructure being available. The millions of lines of code support all the possible hardware that you could throw at it (and so you can save some if you compile your kernel just for that purpose), and if you know exactly which services your web-app will depend on then you can prune even more.

Specialization always pays off in terms of efficiency and it always costs in terms of ease of expansion and adaptation to future needs.

[nine_k]

Boot time of a server is somehow important when you dynamically spin new instances. If spinning a new instance were a sub-second process, you could allow the number of instances you run (and pay for) to follow the demand much more closely.

But here the boot time is a proxy metric of complexity.

It's great to have software that can do a wide spectrum of things. But your server most often does a narrow spectrum of highly predefined tasks. You often go to great lengths to obviate and disallow any other activity on it, for security reasons.

So it would be great if you took the universal software, somehow cut it to your task set, and could throw away the unused parts (which are 90%+). Unfortunately, this is not really attainable with traditional OSes. Unikernels allow you to do just that—with some quite noticeable limitations, as of now, though.

[digi_owl]

Sounds like a badly optimized install then. Unless you are running a disk check, or have a hardware raid controller, on every boot, getting a kernel and the minimal environment to run a web server up should take under 1/10 of that.

[amirmc]

So with a whole bunch of additional optimisations (not out-of-the-box) you can get an order of magnitude improvement. Unikernels are at least another two orders of magnitude faster than that (~300ms), without any optimisations.

Upcoming paper: http://anil.recoil.org/papers/2015-nsdi-jitsu.pdf