[ptaipale]

That is true, mainland China writes "中华民国".

But I still do want to be able to write texts that are like this discussion: mainly in English, but contain fragments in Chinese, and so that I can use both the traditional and simplified characters.

And it also makes total sense to me that 日本 is Japan, both in Japanese and Chinese, using the exact same Unicode characters.

[Navarr]

If it's up to font rendering, you would specify the language tag for each of those individually which would render the appropriate font (as you are writing that country's name in its language).

Though that's far more difficult for the laman, and markdown certainly doesn't seem to have any language markers.