Not really anymore. Google forked part of WebKit to create Blink[1], and both Safari and Chrome have their own optimizations.
I'm not sure how close to each other these rendering engines are. I imagine they're still very very similar, but now that the fork has occurred, time will tell how divergent (or not) they become.
Chrome no longer uses Webkit; it uses a fork called Blink. (Technically a fork of WebCore, the core of WebKit.) It's similar, but has diverged since the fork.
[1] http://www.chromium.org/blink