An open search engine was on "Show HN" on Saturday: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9122397 -> https://deusu.org
Another open search engine from last year: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6152839 -> http://www.gigablast.com
The European Union sponsored the development of an European Google competitor: http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Quaero-Erster-Vorlaeu... -> https://www.exalead.com/search/