[TheSpiceIsLife]

One issue is that arable land isn't, along with other resources, evenly distributed over the plant, nor do the people have equal access to technology maximise production output.

This is why we need trade, which is arguably better than one form or another of centralised government controlled redistribution.

So the issue isn't, and probably never will be, limits to resources, but limits to human resourcefulness - of which there are none.