The Architecture of Open Source applications [0]. I suggest also to check, but they are more specific, Enterprise Integration Patterns [1]. Building Big Data systems, Data Intensive applications [2], [3].
The best way to learn is practice - open source project or lending an appropriate job.
I really like the look of the patterns of enterprise application architecture book also by Martin fowler but is there really nothing more recent covering the same subject. Surely a new edition is overdue?
There doesn't appear to be much architecture stuff which is more recent, but I had a look through this book today and it seems to hold up pretty well. It would be great to see a bang up to date version though.
You might be interested in Concepts, Techniques and Models of Computer Programming by Peter Van Roy and Seif Haridi (http://www.amazon.com/Concepts-Techniques-Models-Computer-Pr...). It presents an overview of different programming models, and expounds on the right way to approach problems with these different models. I found the chapters on concurrency useful myself.
While not a book, an alternative strategy that might be helpful would be to explore some projects like TorqueBox (Ruby) or Immutant (Clojure) that pull together a lot of different solutions (web server, application server, messaging, caching, transactions and scheduling) into a suite.
[0] http://aosabook.org/en/index.html
[1] http://martinfowler.com/books/eip.html
[2] http://www.manning.com/marz/
[3] http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920032175.do