[dragons]

they'd hire people without the degree on condition that they pursue one, and pay for it

It's my understanding that some companies will still fund your education, although it's not as common as it used to be. Here's a sampling: http://www.businessinsider.com/companies-that-will-pay-for-y...

Maybe that's not really what you mean, though...

I think the kind of deal that you're thinking about between an employer and an employee may have made sense at one point, when companies thought of employees as long-term assets, and employees had a reason to be loyal. The only way this might work now would be for an employee to agree to reimburse the education expenses if they leave before x years of employment are complete. That sounds like a loathsome form of indentured servitude, to me. I guess if you're desperate then you'll take it, and that's why some people sign up to the armed services in the US. But someone who is capable of PhD quality work probably has more flexible options.