[mdxn]

This is overly general. And we need to make a distinction between actual physics (laws of Nature) and our theoretical models of such.

Yes. Our theoretical models of the laws of physics are usually formal and axiomatic systems of logic (basically mathematics).

Yes. We understand and describe it using mathematical constructions we know of.

However, the laws of Nature do govern what kinds of models of computation are realizable (theoretically and physically). Limits on computability influence the design and sophistication of logic and mathematics. A good model of computation that we choose for this is some variant of a Turing machine. If this is true for our brains as well, then there is a limit on how sophisticated and powerful mathematics can be from our perspectives. In other words, the laws of Nature are dictating how good of a system of mathematics we come up with can be from a logical standpoint.