[falsedan]

Two triangles make a flat screen (a 'quad'), which is sized to fill your actual screen. When you run a pixel shader over the quad, it ends up running for every pixel on your screen. The result is you have the visual effect of the pixel shader giving a very detailed-looking scene, when the actual geometry is as simple as it gets.

Here's an old experiment I did where the pixel shader is running on the faces of a cube http://dgholz.github.io/GLSLSphere/ The cube edges are highlighted in red so you can see them. I like green.