[tdicola]

Check out sshfs or similar user-mode filesystems to make the Pi look like a drive. Cyberduck is another tool that has a decent file explorer UI around SSH/SFTP and is cross platform.

If you're writing C/C++ you can set up a cross compilation tool chain to write and compile code on any Linux machine. It's a pain but there are lots of blogs posts and guides on it.

[jiggy2011]

Sure, but I mean you already need another computer in order to program the pi at which point you already have a computer that can run programs without the pi.