[walterbell]

Any ad, political speech, sales pitch, pr/journalism etc. that you see today is identified by a named author/publisher/vendor byline. Assessment of possible manipulation is left as an exercise for the viewer, who can decide whether to ignore the communication.

There are any number of technical means by which:

(a) opt-in permission could be requested in advance of a study

(b) opt-out option could be advertised in advance of a study

(c) start and end dates of non-optional study could be disclosed

This is about CHOICE of participation, not the NATURE of the study.

[vdaniuk]

"Who can decide whether to ignore the communication"

Wow... Not understanding basic theories of communication and human irrationality that doesn't allow lots of data to be processed and accepted without critical thought.

"opt-in permission could be requested in advance of a study"

Wow... Not understanding basic theories of psychological and sociological studies that state subjects should not be informed about the study or their behavior will change.

But please, go on with your clueless "ethics".

[jleader]

Standard rules of ethics for experiments on human subjects say that (with a few exceptions) subjects should always be informed about the study. If that changes the subjects' behavior such that the study is no longer valid, it's the researcher's obligation to come up with a better design that works in the face of informed consent, or to give up and study something easier.

It's been fairly well established that "I wanted to learn something" isn't an adequate excuse for doing things to people without informing them or receiving their consent.

Before you talk about peoples' "clueless 'ethics'", you might want to read the professional standards of the field, for example the American Psychological Association's Ethics Code. The section on "informed consent to research" is here: http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx?item=11#802

[walterbell]

Why do newspapers, facebook, twitter, etc. differentiate advertising or sponsored content from journalistic or user-generated content?

> subjects should not be informed about the study

About the study, or about being _in_ the study?