At worst, this is a great experiment. This will likely cause a substantial enough gap in pay between Seattle and another similar city that we can analyze the benefits and consequences of artificially increasing min wage.
But to analyze it as an experiment, you really need to determine some objective criteria for success and failure. Each individual may have different criteria, but it's important to come up with the criteria first and then compare them to the results later.
Even then, it's unlikely to change many minds. With the economy, it's too easy to find some exceptional event that you can blame for the results not matching your prediction.
I think we just have to accept that science can't answer everything, and the economy is probably one of those things that can't be answered.
Well, the primary goal is, of course, to raise the income of minimum-wage earners. Failure criteria probably include things like a) a marked increase in businesses that rely on minimum-wage earners going out of business relative to other and/or b) a marked increase in unemployment among minimum-wage earners. I don't know what thresholds are reasonable. (Possibly confounding: as minimum wage increases, the available labor pool will also increase.)
In the case of Seattle, they commissioned two pieces of research for this ordinance:
UW Evans School of Public Affairs study: Local Minimum Wage Laws: Impacts on Workers, Families and Businesses [1]
University of California, Berkeley study: Who Would be Affected by an Increase in Seattle’s Minimum Wage? [2]
The second paper addresses a lot of the questions I suspect you're interested, and it addresses them with empirical evidence based on previous such experiments in other cities.
Yes, there is. If market forces drive wages up, that's a non-artificial wage increase. Just like any other commodity, when labor is in high demand (or in low supply), the price goes up.
The OP asked for a non-artificial minimum wage increase. Not a simple "wage" increase. There is nothing non-artificial about a minimum wage, nor it's increase counterpart.
This isn't the first time we've seen an artificial increase in the minimum wage in the US - it's just the highest artificially increased minimum wage.
There are nine other localities where this has been done where there's empirical evidence available. See a link somewhere in the child tree of your comment.
But to analyze it as an experiment, you really need to determine some objective criteria for success and failure. Each individual may have different criteria, but it's important to come up with the criteria first and then compare them to the results later.
Even then, it's unlikely to change many minds. With the economy, it's too easy to find some exceptional event that you can blame for the results not matching your prediction.
I think we just have to accept that science can't answer everything, and the economy is probably one of those things that can't be answered.