1. You can bind the native iOS or Android library into C#, which is relatively straightforward:
http://developer.xamarin.com/guides/ios/advanced_topics/bind...
http://developer.xamarin.com/guides/android/advanced_topics/...(.jar)/
2. Or you could create a single, managed library in C#, which would also make it easier to get Windows support.
Option 2 is more work.