My jailbroken iOS 7.0.6 had OpenSSL 0.9.8y on it. I don't know if this is an addition of the jailbreak but it wouldn't surprise me if it's baked in - after all, iOS and OSX contains BSD roots via Darwin and BSD 9.x wasn't vulnerable for the same 'too old version' reasons.
Your iPhone having OpenSSL is probably the jailbreak, however all OSX computers ship with 0.9.8 for legacy reasons. It's not used by any other apple software to my knowledge.
Remember "Goto fail?"