[meowface]

It definitely depends on a lot of factors.

Even if they don't have any formal coding standards, a company can ship good products as long as they have at least a few decent programmers.

Ad hoc / beta testing can fill in for unit testing. Bad coding style and low modularity won't necessarily make a project slower or worse, just harder to maintain. Lack of version control isn't necessarily a major problem if there are daily backups of source code, and if each part of the system is being developed by only one person.

No tech company or startup would ever consider things like that sane practices, but many companies do get away with it. Especially if what they're programming isn't the company's primary product or service, like in the case of a university.