[x0054]

This answer is incorrect. There is a 1/4 chance that both children are boys, and each child has 1/2 chance of being borne a boy, regardless of what day his sibling was or will be borne on. The program arrives at the probability of 13/27 by excluding the possibility that both children might be borne on tuesday and both might be boys.

[daivd]

No, it does not exclude that possibility (print the final list of pairs if you want to check). The calculation is correct. The result is counter-intuitive to almost everyone, which is why I made the program, so you can convince yourself.

[x0054]

Nope, sorry, it's wrong. Here are the possibilities for someone with 2 children were at least one of them is a boy borne on tuesday:

  01) 1BT 2BM
  02) 1BT 2BT
  03) 1BT 2BW
  04) 1BT 2BR
  05) 1BT 2BF
  06) 1BT 2BS
  07) 1BT 2BY
  
  08) 1BT 2GM
  09) 1BT 2GT
  10) 1BT 2GW
  11) 1BT 2GR
  12) 1BT 2GF
  13) 1BT 2GS
  14) 1BT 2GY
  
  15) 1BM 2BT
  16) 1BT 2BT
  17) 1BW 2BT
  18) 1BR 2BT
  19) 1BF 2BT
  20) 1BS 2BT
  21) 1BY 2BT 
  
  22) 1GM 2BT
  23) 1GT 2BT
  24) 1GW 2BT
  25) 1GR 2BT
  26) 1GF 2BT
  27) 1GS 2BT
  28) 1GY 2BT

Your program counts possibility # 2 and 16 only once, because at first glance they are identical. But they are not, because each child has independent probability. This is why models that graph this information on a grid also fail to get the right answer. The above probability table gives you the proper result of 14/28, or 1/2.

[daivd]

Actually you are still wrong.

Try something easier, for example two dice. The probability to roll 1 1 is less than to roll 1 2, because 1 2 can be rolled either by first rolling a 1 or a 2, while 1 1 can be rolled only by first rolling a 1. That information is used often in dice games like backgammon.

Same with children: BT BT can only be "rolled" if your first child is BT, whil BT BW can be "rolled" if your first child is either BT or BW.

Do you see?

[x0054]

The probability that you will roll 1 1 is indeed less then rolling 1 2 or 2 1, but that's only because you are allowing for twice as many acceptable outcomes.

The Wiki article you reference in your own code explains it well. The problem is in the assumptions made by the person answering a riddle. Just because you have a child, and it's a boy, and he is born on Tuesday, it does not mean that your next child is more likely to be a girl. If you agree with that statement, then the original answer must be false.

[daivd]

The wiki article is not valid, since it considers a subtly different problem than the one I do. If you read the comment at the top of the code, you will see that I changed the question to be less ambiguous.

In the problem I pose, the person does not randomly come forward and tell me "I have a boy born on a tuesday". In my problem I ask random people who I know have two children if they have "at least on boy born on a tuesday" until someone says yes.

[x0054]

My python is really rusty, but if you convert this sudocode to python, you will see that the answer is 50/50. I'll write this up in Javascript when I have time. If you do this in Python, please post.

   girl = 0
   boy  = 0

   do 10000 times {
      child1Sex = randomSex;
      child1Day = randomDay;
      child2Sex = randomSex;
      child2Day = randomDay;
      if ( (child1Sex == "B" AND child1Day == "Tu") OR (child2Sex == "B" AND child2Day == "Tu") ) {
         if (child1Sex == child2Sex){
            boy++
         } else {
            girl++
         }
      }
   }

   print "Ratio of boys and girls is " + boy " : " + girl;