Making changes again at the same place where a bug was fixed previously is a common offender. At least at my workplace we have regressions every now and then (and thanks to no test suite those sometimes make their way to the customer, yay). Basically every time you touch code you have the potential to break something. Even more so when a bugfix was done by adding code, not by changing it. People might accidentally rewrite the fix. If you have no tests that ensure that functionality stays that way it can be easy to break things in the process.
From my days as a release/build manager, the most common cause of this was people merging code from branches where fixes had been overlooked and similar horrors. The second highest would be people fixing something that "looked wrong" but was actually there to solve a problem.
Yeah I should have probably used the technical term: regression. It is very easy to do. Sometimes it happens when code is rewritten/refactored. Sometimes a new feature utilizes a buggy code path that was not previously used/tested. Etc.