[notahacker]

Epigenetics might augment theories of heredity, but the causal role of incompletely penetrant alleles in expressing a particular phenotype is falsified in the absence of any auxiliary hypotheses to explain their level of penetrance (especially if that phenotype may also be expressed without that allele). If naive falsificationism is the distinguishing characteristic of science, then an awful lot of biology, including some very useful statistical associations between allele X and phenotype Y (supported by statistical hypothesis testing that looks remarkably like that in social sciences...) gets discarded. If you had to throw away every theory whose counterexamples couldn't be adequately explained there wouldn't be much biology left. The AIDs denialists would have the right idea. Koch's postulates would, if anything, be too low a standard. Popper even had his doubts about the scientific validity of natural selection...