Don't know what you consider simple, but databases use bloom filters to do faster joins for example. Chrome also uses them for malware detection I think.
it's also useful on local hash joins because it's faster than a regular hash table lookup. so you can use it to eliminate some stuff before going to the big hash table.
To generalize, "possible match detected" for anything: you have a big, fat database about a bigger, fatter universe of identifiers, and a less-capable set of clients over a less-capable network link. They want a fast way of determining whether or not a particular identifier is worth querying the database for, and the false positives do not have a very high cost.
The conditions are relevant for some cloud-managed appliances, mobile-phone applications, and sometimes caching techniques in your own distributed applications.
http://www.coolsnap.net/kevin/?p=19
P.S. Loved the tutorial.