https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide_and_conquer_algorithm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backtracking
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greedy_algorithm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aho%E2%80%93Corasick_string_ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimax
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%E2%80%93Fulkerson_algorit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_method
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_descent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regression
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptron
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_analysis
Solve some of:
https://projecteuler.net/
http://acm.timus.ru/problemset.aspx