[sp332]

How is "speak up" less abstract than "just listen"? They're both good advice. But there are so many issues that you'll have to be abstract to describe them collectively. I think "just listen" is good advice because you have to know what kind of problems there are before you can even recognize someone being an asshole.

[daeken]

"Just listen" can be helpful to identify problems, but here's the issue: we all already know of 99% of the problems! We just don't act on them. Social pressure is a powerful thing, and most of the time that's all it takes to correct issues.

"Speak up" isn't abstract, it's concrete: if you hear someone say something inappropriate, tell them. That's it. Simple as that.

[sp332]

we all already know of 99% of the problems!

I strongly disagree. Minor changes in wording can affect the gender gap. It doesn't involve anyone saying something inappropriate. http://www.ere.net/2013/03/01/you-dont-know-it-but-women-see... Stereotype threat can dramatically affect test scores. http://www.reducingstereotypethreat.org/definition.html Most people have no idea these things exist. Fixing them takes more awareness than just telling off the "bad guys". You have to change your own behavior.