Hacker News new | ask | show | jobs
by ferdo 4684 days ago
Money is "printed" everytime a credit card is swiped. This is detailed (though with check writing instead of credit cards) in a great little booklet[1] that the Federal Reserve put out in in the 1970s:

"The actual process of money creation takes place primarily in banks. As noted earlier, checkable liabilities of banks are money. These liabilities are customers' accounts. They increase when customers deposit currency and checks and when the proceeds of loans made by the banks are credited to borrowers' accounts.

In the absence of legal reserve requirements, banks can build up deposits by increasing loans and investments so long as they keep enough currency on hand to redeem whatever amounts the holders of deposits want to convert into currency. This unique attribute of the banking business was discovered many centuries ago.

It started with goldsmiths. As early bankers, they initially provided safekeeping services, making a profit from vault storage fees for gold and coins deposited with them. People would redeem their "deposit receipts" whenever they needed gold or coins to purchase something, and physically take the gold or coins to the seller who, in turn, would deposit them for safekeeping, often with the same banker. Everyone soon found that it was a lot easier simply to use the deposit receipts directly as a means of payment. These receipts, which became known as notes, were acceptable as money since whoever held them could go to the banker and exchange them for metallic money.

Then, bankers discovered that they could make loans merely by giving their promises to pay, or bank notes, to borrowers. In this way, banks began to create money. More notes could be issued than the gold and coin on hand because only a portion of the notes outstanding would be presented for payment at any one time. Enough metallic money had to be kept on hand, of course, to redeem whatever volume of notes was presented for payment.

Transaction deposits are the modern counterpart of bank notes. It was a small step from printing notes to making book entries crediting deposits of borrowers, which the borrowers in turn could "spend" by writing checks, thereby "printing" their own money."

Modern Money Mechanics - Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago

[1] http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Modern_Money_Mechanics/Introdu...

1 comments

It's not clear that commodity money or coinage existed before paper notes. Certainly the story of civilizations moving from barter to money to more complex instruments is false, but also: coins were not used any more than they are today. You might get some change back from a street vendor, but most transactions are cashless. In Anglo-Saxon England, the kings periodically recalled all coins and had them reminted. The coin of the realm wasn't necessarily anything more than a unit of account, something for prices to be denominated in. Various ancient law codes tend to be very specific about how many shekels a goat is worth (depending on sex, age, and condition), so that you can trade it directly.

The origins of modern bank notes probably have more to do with the Knights Templar than goldsmiths.

The point you were trying to make is accurate enough, but the source you're quoting is both lengthy and simplistic past the point of being correct.

> It's not clear that commodity money or coinage existed before paper notes.

Coins were around for millenia before paper money. The earliest paper money I know of is the bark money written of by Marco Polo [1]. Europeans got their idea for paper money from the Chinese.

[1] http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/marco-polo-on-money