[bad_user]

That's a wild generalization which I don't think it's true. The "Linux community" you speak of is a loud minority of mentally deranged folks.

Mono never succeeded on Linux because it always felt like a second-class citizen on the desktop and it's basically useless for server-side apps, an area where the Linux ecosystem shines. Python is popular on Linux because Python can be used for everything, including desktop apps, including server-side, including Gimp plugins. Out of all C/C++ alternatives, Python has the best bindings available. Java is also popular amongst Linux folks, because Java has always been first-class on Unix.

If anything, it's Microsoft's fault. They were late in acknowledging Mono, they were late in giving a patents grant for the ECMA standards, they are always late in updating those ECMA standards (e.g. Async is not in the current version), they failed to make .NET cross-platform, they failed in fostering an open-source .NET community, they failed at PR and they continually disappoint by attacking Android or other projects with patents infringement threats (did you know that Microsoft makes more money from patents licensing to Android than from Windows Phone?)

[i386]

> Mono never succeeded on Linux because it always felt like a second-class citizen on the desktop

Err, I'm not sure where you were from 2005 to 2009...

There were apps like Tomboy that were included in GNOME releases that were 100% written in C# and run by Mono. GTK# was one of the most complete bindings ever written for GNOME/GTK.

If you've ever written a GObject or GTK based app you would know its not easy to do in C. With GTK#, you could build something very quick with a modern virtual machine, framework bindings for pretty much the entire free desktop stack (they automatically generated them and kept them up to date with every release), high level language and IDE with great syntax highlighting and autocomplete.

What did happen was a massive irrational backlash against C# by neckbeards that ended with it being kicked out of GNOME core and off the debian and ubuntu install CD's, all because they saw Microsoft name against the standard, didn't agree with the patents (a fact of life when you build software) and bricked themselves.

[bad_user]

On desktop Linux, Mono's direct competition is not C++, but rather Python.

Also, Mono apps were replaced in Ubuntu/Debian because of Mono's large footprint, both in memory and in disk usage (until recently, Ubuntu has been constrained for a long time to the size of one CD). Also development died and these distros are distributing by default apps that are actively developed and maintained.

[i386]

> On desktop Linux, Mono's direct competition is not C++, but rather Python.

And the IDE support still sucks and the bindings are patchy at best (but admittedly better now because there is only 1 person working on GTK compared to the ten or fifteen who contributed back in the day and they release a lot less).

> Also, Mono apps were replaced in Ubuntu/Debian because of Mono's large footprint, both in memory and in disk usage

Thinly veiled bullshit if you ask me. If they were worried about package sizes, there were a lot of other things (like sample photos, movies, music, Open Office bloat, shipping multiple library versions, etc) that they could have cut back on if they got serious.

Regardless, the FOSS community shot themselves in the foot by jettisoning one of the most complete platforms that actually had decent developer tools.

[yulaow]

For gtk at the moment the "main" language is becoming Vala, who is more... mh, trusted than mono and strongly more supported by all the gtk developers

[yapcguy]

For reference, C# vs Vala:

https://wiki.gnome.org/Vala/ValaForCSharpProgrammers

[_random_]

Oh, so that's what is required to fix things - yet another C-derived language?

[MichaelGG]

Why is Mono "basically useless for server-side apps"? I've been running production apps, server-side, with Mono (first time was almost 10 years ago - near end of a payment processing project when some partner decided they needed a piece to run on a Linux box; just copied the exe over and done).

Java and .NET both have a wide variety of libraries and bindings. I'd say that for many projects, the CLR will likely have the bindings you need.

I believe there was probably a ton of in-fighting at Microsoft regarding .NET's cross-platformness. Microsoft did release an open source version of .NET (Rotor) that ran on Mac OS and FreeBSD. The CLR and BCL in general is not Windows-specific. For the most part, the runtime and core libraries are careful to realise they may operate in other environments. However, I'd imagine the argument of "why make software easier to run on non-Windows, which is a major source of revenue" won out. (After all, Sun put money into Java, which didn't seem to help their revenues, right? And then, when MS decided to adopt Java, Sun cut 'em off. Otherwise, .NET might never have had happened, at least not to the same extent, as MS would have sunk a lot of effort into J++.)

The parts of .NET that are platform-specific are for good reason. Cross-platform UIs, for instance (like Java's), seem to universally suck.

Meanwhile, the Mono guys are close enough to make cross-platform viable for many people. They provide a legitimate "it's not vendor lock-in" excuse. And Microsoft could always buy them if they wanted to get more involved.

[bad_user]

> Why is Mono "basically useless for server-side apps"? I've been running production apps, server-side, with Mono ...

The whole ecosystem is Windows only and tightly coupled with Visual Studio. You do not have Maven for example and personally I could never get NuGet to run. Also, before the new generational garbage collector, which was just declared stable, ASP.NET was leaking memory because the old conservative garbage collector had problems with the allocation patterns of ASP.NET. Yes, you could run your fancy app on Linux, but for anything serious you had to restart your servers periodically.

Performance sucks too for ASP.NET apps. It's not acceptable for a compiled and statically typed language to have the same performance as Python, or sometimes even worse. Part of the reason for that is the heaviness of ASP.NET and the IIS coupling that is missing in Mono. But then again, why should that be your problem, when better alternatives for Unix are available?

Also, ever tried debugging / profiling an app in production? Seriously, you have to be slightly masochistic to use Mono on server-side.

Fun fact: .NET's debugging symbols are not a part of ECMA's standards, are not documented and for a long time Mono used its own incompatible format for debugging symbols.

> Microsoft did release an open source version of .NET (Rotor) that ran on Mac OS and FreeBSD

Rotor was never open-source. "Shared source" is not open-source. In fact people that contributed to Mono were warned to not look at Rotor's source-code.

> After all, Sun put money into Java, which didn't seem to help their revenues, right?

Blaming Java somehow for Sun's failure is a logical fallacy. There is no proof that .NET helped Microsoft's bottom line (my gut tells me that it did the opposite). Also, I'm pretty sure Java was a major reason for why Oracle bought Sun and for why Google was also thinking of buying Sun.

> when MS decided to adopt Java, Sun cut 'em off

Microsoft had an explicit agreement with Sun. They broke it by making Visual J++ both source and binary incompatible with Java. This isn't regular "adoption", but rather their usual embrace/extend strategy. Also .NET 1.0 was J++.

> The parts of .NET that are platform-specific are for good reason. Cross-platform UIs, for instance (like Java's), seem to universally suck

That's a poor example. When thinking of cross-platform, I think more about Qt than I think about Swing. Also, platform-specific behaviour has leaked much further than Windows Forms. For example, Mono's implementation of asynchronous sockets suffered for years because System.Net.Sockets was modelled after Windows' kernel and doesn't map cleanly with poll/epoll/kqueue.

[coldtea]

>The whole ecosystem is Windows only and tightly coupled with Visual Studio.

Wrong.

>You do not have Maven for example and personally I could never get NuGet to run.

Besides the fact that there are alternatives (and that you don't even need it in the first place), personal competence ---not getting it to run-- is not a valid reason to discard it.

[eropple]

> Besides the fact that there are alternatives (and that you don't even need it in the first place), personal competence ---not getting it to run-- is not a valid reason to discard it.

How about being an absolutely terrible method of dependency management? And yet it's the only serious game in town? Ruby has RubyGems. Python has PyPI. Java has Maven (and its mutually compatible friends). Mono has...NuGet. It's still pretty bad, even when you get it to run. Boy-howdy, do I want my projects cluttered with downloaded dependencies in 2013. :-(

Seriously, even today dependency management is the worst part of dealing with .NET. (There are worse parts of Mono, but most people will never run into most of them. I wouldn't if I wasn't trying to bend it to do things it probably shouldn't be bent to do.)

[bad_user]

> Wrong.

Glad to be enlightened.

> Besides the fact that there are alternatives (and that you don't even need it in the first place)

No, there aren't alternatives and yes, you do need it, as manually managing dependencies is so 1999.

> personal competence ---not getting it to run-- is not a valid reason to discard it

What can I say, the hallmark of any good developer is blaming it on the competence of users, right?

I'm not the only one that experienced pain dude: http://lmgtfy.com/?q=running+nuget+on+linux

[coldtea]

>That's a wild generalization which I don't think it's true. The "Linux community" you speak of is a loud minority of mentally deranged folks.

Ironic, because then you go to state:

>Mono never succeeded on Linux because it always felt like a second-class citizen on the desktop

Mono had full GTK support. Tons of popular Gnome apps were written in Mono, music apps, photo viewers, desktop search etc. There was nothing "second-class citizen" about it.

It was all about the MS situation and FUD.

>and it's basically useless for server-side apps, an area where the Linux ecosystem shines.

For one, it's based on .NET, has a port of the MVC web framework and everything -- and tons of open source stuff for it. "Basically useless"? The same tech powers 99% of server-side apps on Windows.

[toyg]

> Mono had full GTK support.

And meagre QT support.

> Tons of popular Gnome apps were written in Mono

And very few KDE apps.

> There was nothing "second-class citizen" about it.

Except that it simply didn't belong to half the desktops (i.e. ones running KDE, which might actually account for more than half the deployed Linux desktops, considering it's long been the most popular Enterprise choice).

> The same tech powers 99% of server-side apps on Windows

... where PHP/Python/Java/Ruby are second-class citizens. To each its own, I guess.

[coldtea]

>And meagre QT support.

So what? It targeted the Gnome desktop. Does it have to catter to every GUI toolkit there is?

>And very few KDE apps.

And no KDE app at all was written with GTK. So what? Mono developers targeted GNOME.

>Except that it simply didn't belong to half the desktops (i.e. ones running KDE, which might actually account for more than half the deployed Linux desktops, considering it's long been the most popular Enterprise choice).

Actually the most popular Enterprise choice has been Gnome for half a decade or more. The only major exception had been SuSE, a distro which languished. RedHat (and Centos), Ubuntu, etc all went for Gnome.

[toyg]

> Does it have to catter to every GUI toolkit there is?

To be a first-class citizen on "the Linux desktop", covering at least both main alternatives is a must.

> Mono developers targeted GNOME.

Thereby renouncing half the desktops.

>Actually the most popular Enterprise choice has been Gnome for half a decade or more

Maybe in the States. In Europe, KDE has long been the most popular choice for large deployments, which is why RedHat and friends still ship it.

[bad_user]

99% of server-side apps on Windows are powered by .NET, not Mono.

And it wasn't really about FUD. As I said, that's only a small loud minority. Both Ubuntu and Debian's core had statements to make about it. You might want to Google it.

[Helianthus]

>That's a wild generalization which I don't think it's true. The "Linux community" you speak of is a loud minority of mentally deranged folks.

Nicely done.